·Under some specific assumptions however both arrangements have the same production rate An extension of the analysis of two stations to n stations for the parallel case is also presented Key Words Flexible manufacturing systems Markov chains production lines production lines with flexible stations are capable of performing a fixed
·The studies proposing mathematical modeling approaches generally use stochastic models LP NLP MIP or NMIP to optimize the production line configuration under simplifying assumptions or/and by decomposing the production line into manageable subsections Li 2005 Liu and Li 2010 Nahas et al 2009 Sadr and Malhame 2004 For tractability
·The attention to quality control strategies has seen a substantial rise in the past few decades Mitra 2016 Many factors have contributed to this phenomenon the elevated production rates of modern manufacturing lines the tense competition in the global market the need to guarantee a sustainable process the high price of energy and raw materials are only
·There are very limited works that strive to apply N policy to reduce the energy consumption in production lines To the best of our knowledge there is the only one study by Frigerio and Matta [22] that is relevant to this research They utilized discrete event simulation to boost the energy efficiency of serial production lines under N policy
·It is important to note that the same maintenance duration distribution is applied to all production lines under the heuristic s assumption that maintenance duration are relatively consistent across these lines Finally determining the periodic interval for preventive maintenance is crucial The factory s current policy relies on a time
·The approaches are compared and industrial illustrations are given The methods discussed apply to problems which in physical appearance are different from production lines; among these are chemical production overhaul and repair systems etc A review of the field indicates that considerably more research and analysis is required
·The pieces flow from A to B to C and since line A has a lower capacity line B will remain idle for 50% of its available production time and line C for % of its available production time Obviously the three lines are unbalanced and the objective of line balancing is to distribute tasks evenly over the machines to minimize the idle time
·Internet of Things IoT devices are not only finding increasing use in ordinary households but they have also become a key element for the Industry concept The implementation of industrial IoT devices into production streamlines the production process and reduces production costs On the other hand connected IoT devices bring new security risks
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