·Steel slag is a solid waste produced in crude steel smelting and a typical management option is stockpiling in slag disposal yards Over the years the massive production of steel slags and the continuous use of residue yards have led to vast occupation of land resources and caused severe environmental concerns Steel slag particles can potentially be
·Steel slag is the main solid waste generated in the steel making process accounting for 15 to 20% of crude steel output [1] China s crude steel output in 2021 was billion tons [2] more than half of the global crude steel output billion tons [3] and the steel slag output exceeded 120 million contrast the comprehensive utilization rate of
·The high hardness and wear resistance of steel slag make it adequate for roads and constructions Guo et al 2018 If steel slag is used to partially or fully replace the aggregate in the mixture not only can the utilization rate of waste slag be improved but also the shortage of construction resources can be alleviated and the damage to the environment will be reduced
·1 Introduction Steel slag as a co product of steel making procedure is one of the largest industrial solid wastes In recent years the accumulated inventory of steel scrap in China has exceeded billion tons while the integrated utilization rate at roughly 22% Sun et al 2022a Contrary to the massive accumulation of steel scrap the reserves of crude aggregate
·According to the world steel association global crude steel production in 2019 reached million tonnes Mt and gained a Mt increase compared to 2018 World Steel Association 2020a The global production of crude steel from 64 countries was approximately Mt in September 2020 World Steel Association 2020b Even during the COVID 19
·However the poor homogeneity of the material properties of steel slag aggregates remains a concern for this recycling approach In this study an innovative method of using industrially produced steel slag powder SSP to replace the mineral filler in asphalt mixture was proposed to address this concern
·Researchers have studied the cement hydration properties using the fineness of stainless steel slag Kriskova [11] and others used superfine stainless steel slag powder with a specific surface area of 400 550 m 2 /kg to enhance cement hydration performance The grinding process of stainless steel slag transforms crystalline phases into amorphous structures
·The chemical composition of SS varies significantly based on the raw materials and steelmaking processes It primarily consists of CaO SiO 2 Fe 2 O 3 FeO Al 2 O 3 MgO and small amounts of P 2 O 5 MnO among others [12] The main minerals found in SS include dicalcium silicate C 2 S tricalcium silicate C 3 S tricalcium aluminate C 3 A dicalcium
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