·The life cycle cost often abbreviated LCC [7] is the total cost associated with building design and construction building operation and maintenance in addition to the costs associated with building disposal at the end of its life cycle [2] [3] [4]
·end of life building disposal to modern methods such as decon struction This is because design capabilities on reducing end of life impacts of building activities are limited in traditional methods of building disposal such as demolition and landfilling It has also been argued that deconstruction which is the disassembly of
Although demolition offers a fast way of building disposal its environmental and economic impacts are overwhelming However a more sustainable approach to the end of life disposal of buildings is building deconstruction which is the disassembly of buildings piece by piece to maximise material reuse Kibert 2008
·To accomplish the goal a rigorous LCA methodology is employed encompassing the various stages of the building material life cycle from extraction and manufacturing to transport and eventual disposal This paper addresses this gap by including transportation related factors in the LCA analysis aiming to provide an extended evaluation to
·Rapid urbanization and population growth has resulted in soaring consumption of building materials 1 2 Global consumption of building materials tripled from billion tons in 2000 to billion tons in 2017; concrete aggregates and bricks are the most commonly used building materials Figure 1 A The largest growth in building material use over this period was
·Is the Life of Your Congregation Coming To an End Merging With Another Congregation; Legal Considerations When Merging or Dissolving Your Congregation; Dissolving a Congregation Practical Steps; Dissolving a Congregation UUA Obligations; Selling Your Building ; Disposal of Church Archives after Dissolution; Letting Go of A Beloved Building
·End of life modelling is becoming more important within circular economy policies that improve the extension of buildings service life through regeneration and refurbishment processes and
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