·This paper presents an optimal control model to improve the operation energy efficiency of a vertical shaft impact VSI crushing process The optimal control model takes the energy cost as the performance index to be minimized by accounting for the time of use tariff and process constraints such as storage capacity of the VSI crusher hopper capacity of the main
·V n impact e 25 n According to the classical theory of impact the value e = 1 means that the capacity of the two particles to recover equals their tendency to deform less than 60mm at low speeds The capacity is calculated by integrating the mass flow field over a horizontal cross section of the crushing chamber In theory the
·Cone crushers are a vital stage in the comminution chain in many mineral processing plants and are used as a secondary tertiary and quaternary crushing stage to provide a reduction ratio of maximum 1 10 Gupta et al 2006 King 2001 Traditionally crushing has received less attention than grinding but this started to shift recently partly because of the
·for the average impact energy per unit mass presented here We propose a new classification function for impact crushers in the form of a Weibull cumulative distribution and some new information on the material flow in jaw crusher chamber is illustrated with the particle breakage character taken into consideration Based on
·Vertical shaft impact crushers VSI s are usually used in tertiary crushing stations in both the aggregate and mining industries for crushing hard rock material or ores when a product material with a cubical shape and a number of fines is required [1 2] A VSI crusher has also been shown to be one of the best options in comparison to other secondary and tertiary
·The final impact crusher type to be considered here is a horizontal shaft impactor HSI This type of crusher shares several aspects with the hammer mill but with key differences that give it different performance characteristics The CAD model for a Cedarapids style HSI Young et al 2003 is shown in Fig 19
·Figure 12 Average mass flow rate at the outlet According to Fig 12 the discharge of crushed material from the outlet starts at s During the time range from to s there was a significant increase in the mass flow rate of the crushed material at the outlet The mass flow rate remained below kg/s
·Attou 1999 adapted this distribution as a classification function for impact crushers in the following form 4 C i d i = 1 − exp − a Q s d i k E n where E [J/kg] is the average impact energy per unit mass; Q [t/h] represents the flow rate; a and s are scaling coefficients depending on the specific design of the crusher and the
·The vertical shaft impact crusher VSI produces gravel that is a good alternative to natural gravel The quality of the material and the particle shape seem to meet concrete producers demands Previous research reveals that mass flow correlates with the workability of concrete while the rheology test indicates that the VSI crusher leads
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