·Artisanal and small scale gold mining ASGM is present in over 80 countries employing about 15 million miners and serving as source of livelihood for millions more The sector is estimated to be the largest emitter of mercury globally The Minamata Convention on Mercury seeks to reduce and where feasible eliminate mercury use in the ASGM However
·Gold mining is a large commercial operation undertaken by mining companies who fund their operations through the sale of gold as well as money raised from the stock markets Investors often invest in gold mining companies as a form of paper gold investment Let us take a quick look at the four main types of gold mining methods
·By 1907 global annual production of gold had doubled because of an increased use of cyanide; it continues to this day to be the primary leaching method in the gold mining industry [2] Today over one million metric tonnes of cyanide representing 80% of total production are used annually by the chemical industry for the production of
·Large scale formal gold mining in the top 15 producing countries directly employed an estimated 527 900 people in 2012 Gold mining is a significant source of exports for some countries in 2012 gold exports were 36% of all Tanzanian exports and 26% of exports in Ghana and Papua New Guinea
·This type of mining artisanal and small scale gold mining [ASGM] can be a key income source in these areas particularly rural areas where other alternatives for jobs are limited ASGM is estimated to include 10 15 million people likely increasing in numbers with the gold prices an estimate that includes approximately 1
4 ·Gold Mine Closure and Decommissioning 1 5 years After a mine has ceased operations possibly because the ore body is exhausted or the remaining deposit becomes unprofitable uneconomic to mine work then focuses on its decommissioning dismantling and rehabilitation of the land in which it was situated
·Purpose Gold mining is one of the most generative economic activities in many developing countries Gold mining operations are generally recognized not only as being too energy and material intensive but also as a source of pollution social insecurity and instability Faced with this challenge and the challenge of integrating gold mining into the framework of
·gold mining s Scope 3 emissions are related to upstream sources rather than from the use of gold and the life cycle of gold products This is discussed in more detail below in section 5 What are gold mining s A note on gold mining s Scope 3 category emissions CO 2
·The gold standard limits the amount of debt that can be issued Forty four years ago when the made the switch to a fiat currency system the federal government owed $399 billion
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